EFFECTS OF INVASIVE EXOTIC GRASSES ON SOUTH TEXAS RANGELAND BREEDING BIRDS

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron A. Flanders ◽  
William P. Kuvlesky ◽  
Donald C. Ruthven ◽  
Robert E. Zaiglin ◽  
Ralph L. Bingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Birds ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Invasive Exotic

scholarly journals Effects of Invasive Exotic Grasses on South Texas Rangeland Breeding Birds

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron A. Flanders ◽  
William P. Kuvlesky ◽  
Donald C. Ruthven ◽  
Robert E. Zaiglin ◽  
Ralph L. Bingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Lehmann Lovegrass ◽  
Exotic Grass ◽  
Invasive Exotic

AbstractInvasive exotic plants are a major threat to many species of wild birds. When these plants become established and widespread, the floristic composition of native plant communities becomes simplified, which can result in long-term and often irreversible habitat degradation for birds and other animals. Until recently, few studies have focused on the effect of invasive exotic grasses on breeding birds in southwestern rangelands. During the 2001 and 2002 breeding seasons (May-June), we compared the abundance and species richness of breeding birds, native flora, and arthropods on South Texas rangeland plots dominated by native grasses and plots dominated by two invasive exotic grasses, Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) and buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Native-grass cover was >400% greater on native-grass sites than on exotic-grass sites. Forb and grass species-richness were higher on native-grass sites. Shrub canopy cover, bare ground, and vegetation height measurements were similar on native-grass and exotic-grass sites. Overall bird abundance was 32% greater on native-grass sites than on exotic-grass sites. Lark Sparrows (Chondestes grammacus) were 73% more abundant on native-grass sites. Four other species—Black-throated Sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata), Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), and Cassin’s Sparrow (Aimophilla cassini)— were 26–70% more abundant on native-grass sites. The guild of birds that foraged on the ground under open brush canopies was almost twice as abundant on native-grass sites. Arthropod abundance was 60% greater on the native-grass site we sampled. Specifically, spiders, beetles, and ants were 42–83% more abundant on a native-grass site than on a buffelgrass site. Compared with rangelands dominated by native vegetation, areas dominated by Lehmann lovegrass and buffelgrass in South Texas appear to provide less suitable habitat for breeding birds, especially for bird species that forage on or near the ground.Efectos de Pastos Invasores Exóticos en las Aves que Nidifican en los Campos de Pastoreo del Sur de Texas

The response of native species to removal of invasive exotic grasses in a seasonally dry Hawaiian woodland

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla M. D'Antonio ◽  
R. Flint Hughes ◽  
Michelle Mack ◽  
Derek Hitchcock ◽  
Peter M. Vitousek
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Invasive Exotic

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Assemblages in Native Plant Roots Change in the Presence of Invasive Exotic Grasses

2006 ◽  
Vol 281 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine V. Hawkes ◽  
Jayne Belnap ◽  
Carla D’Antonio ◽  
Mary K. Firestone
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Invasive Exotic

scholarly journals INVASÃO POR GRAMÍNEAS EXÓTICAS EM CAMPOS SOBRE PALEODUNAS: EFEITOS NA DIVERSIDADE FLORÍSTICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 821-833
Author(s):  
Lua Dallagnol Cezimbra ◽  
◽  
Ana Boeira Porto ◽  
Gerhard Ernst Overbeck
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Grassland Community ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Level Of Invasion ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Invasive Exotic

O Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos localiza-se sobre a Coxilha das Lombas, Viamão/RS, e encontra-se em processo de invasão biológica por gramíneas exóticas na área de campo seco. Este fragmento de vegetação campestre sobre paleodunas é habitat da espécie endêmica Ctenomys lami (Rodentia, Ctenomydae) e apresenta composição florística peculiar em relação a maioria das áreas naturais dos Campos Sulinos, com espécies de Asteraceae sendo dominantes em comparação às espécies de Poaceae. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a composição florística e avaliar o grau e efeitos da invasão biológica sobre a comunidade de campo seco foi realizado um levantamento quantitativo. Foram amostradas 31 parcelas de 1 x 1 m e levantados dados de cobertura e altura da vegetação, solo descoberto e serrapilheira. Foram calculados parâmetros fitossociológicos para cada espécie. As parcelas foram classificadas quanto ao nível de invasão por gramíneas exóticas. O efeito da invasão sobre a composição e estrutura da vegetação foi avaliado a partir de Análise de Coordenadas Principais, regressão linear e análise de variância. As gramíneas exóticas invasoras Urochloa decumbens e Digitaria eriantha subsp. pentzii foram dominantes em grande parte da vegetação campestre, modificando a estrutura e composição vegetal conforme o nível de invasão. Cerca de um terço da área encontra-se altamente invadida. Ações de remoção e controle de invasoras se fazem urgentes, considerando que este é um dos poucos fragmentos de ecossistemas naturais abertos na Coxilha das Lombas e abriga espécies ameaçadas de extinção. INVASION BY EXOTIC GRASSES IN GRASSLAND ON PALAEODUNES: EFFECTS ON FLORISTIC DIVERSITY. The Banhado dos Pachecos Wildlife Refuge, located in the Coxilha das Lombas, in Viamão/RS, Brazil, is under a process of invasion by alien grasses in its areas of dry grassland. The grassland on palaeo-dunes is the habitat of the endemic species Ctenomys lami (Rodentia, Ctenomydae) and presents a peculiar floristic composition in relation to most natural grasslands in southern Brazil, with species of the Asteraceae dominating in comparison to grasses. In order to characterize the floristic composition and to evaluate the degree and effects of biological invasion on the grassland community, a quantitative vegetation survey was carried out. In 31 plots of 1 x 1 m, data on cover and height of vegetation, bare soil and litter were collected. Phytosociological parameters were calculated for each species. The plots were classified according to the level of invasion by exotic grasses and Principal Coordinate Analysis, linear regression and Analysis of Variance were performed to observe the species distribution in the community and the effects of the invasion on the richness and structure of the vegetation. The invasive exotic grasses Urochloa decumbens and Digitaria eriantha subsp.pentzii were dominant in grassland vegetation, modifying plant structure and composition according to the level of invasion. About a third of the area is heavily invaded. Invasive removal and control actions are urgent as this is one of the few fragments of natural grasslands in the Coxilha das Lombas and is habitat to species threatened with extinction.

scholarly journals Canopy cover and invasive grasses effects in distinct ecological restoration technologies: 5-y monitoring in a Brazilian subtropical forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionatan Gerber ◽  
Tatiene Yumi Kiwara ◽  
Patricia Ramos de Souza ◽  
Marcos Lubke ◽  
Edgar de Souza Vismara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Invasive Grasses ◽  
Passive Restoration ◽  
Invasive Exotic ◽  
High Diversity

The establishment of canopy and the following elimination of invasive exotic grasses are among the main barriers towards the restoration of subtropical forests. We compared canopy initial cover and biological invasion by exotic grasses in different restoration technologies, up to 5-y, in Paraná State, southern Brazil. We tested three treatments in four randomized blocks as follows: T1 – passive restoration; T2 – nucleation; and T3 – high diversity plantation. We sampled 117 points per plot (54 x 40 m). We registered the presence or absence of invasive grasses cover and canopy cover percentage (using a spherical crown densiometer). The high density of fast-growing trees plus dense crowns was probably responsible for the highest shadowing and faster elimination of grasses in the plantation, while nucleation and the passive restoration showed the lowest canopy cover followed by the highest invasion by grasses. We recommend managers to use plantations to make a fast covering, although with higher inputs, or use nucleation in a long-term shadowing basis project.

scholarly journals Exotic C4Grasses Have Increased Tolerance to Glyphosate under Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Manea ◽  
M. R. Leishman ◽  
P. O. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Invasive Exotic

The increase in atmospheric CO2levels can influence the growth of many invasive exotic plant species. However, it is not well-documented, especially for C4plants, how these growth responses will alter the effectiveness of the world's most widely used herbicide for weed control, glyphosate. We aimed to address this question by carrying out a series of glasshouse experiments to determine if tolerance to glyphosate is increased in four C4invasive exotic grasses grown under elevated CO2in nonlimiting water conditions. In addition, traits including specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio, root : shoot ratio, total leaf area, and total biomass were measured in order to assess their contribution to glyphosate response under ambient and elevated CO2levels. Three of the four mature grass species that were treated with the recommended concentration of glyphosate displayed increased tolerance to glyphosate under elevated CO2. This was due to increased biomass production resulting in a dilution effect on the glyphosate within the plant. From this study, we can conclude that as atmospheric CO2levels increase, application rates of glyphosate might need to be increased to counteract the growth stimulation of invasive exotic plants.

DETERMINING FERAL PIG (SUS SCROFA) ATTRACTANT SELECTION PREFERENCE AND RESPONSE TO MOCK CORRAL TRAPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Karlin ◽  
Harun A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Visitation Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pig Management ◽  
Trail Cameras ◽  
Invasive Exotic ◽  
Feral Pig

Abstract Feral pigs are an invasive exotic pest that damage habitat and compete with native species. Trapping feral pigs using a variety of baits or lures is the primary method for eradication, with little success. The purpose of this study was to use a variety of lures, with and without the presence of a mock corral trap, to determine if there was a preferred lure selected even in the presence of a trap. We also identified non-target species attraction to the lures, to identify a preferred choice by feral pigs that minimized these non-target species. We deployed 10 stations from July 2017 to March 2018 and used trail cameras to assess feral pig visitation frequency. The majority of feral pig visitation events occurred at the orange flavored corn without a mock corral trap present (43.20%). There was no significant difference in feral pig visitation rates to stations based on presence or absence of corral, but there were differences based on lure: orange corn had a significantly higher visitation rate than any other lure type. The plain corn station without a corral had only 15% of the feral pig visitation events, while the majority of non-target species (i.e., axis – 45.93%, white-tailed deer – 39.42%, and raccoon – 85.38% of visitation events) were associated with this bait. For these reasons, we suggest that orange flavored corn may be the better primary attractant in feral pig management activities in south Texas.

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